Milling cutter



June 6, 1944. A J. H. GRAYSON 2,350,974-

MILLI NG CUTTER Filed Sept. '7, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jun 6, 1944. J. H. GRAYSON MILLING CUTTER Filed Sept. 7, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Application September 2, i942,

ci. 2am,- i'his invention relatesto milling cutters having a plurality of cutting edges for use in'millins machines for shaping metal by longitudinal or transverse milling.

Milling cutters have heretofore been made piece cast disk body or blank cast from Meehanite, having circumferential]! 16 spaced peirom solid tool steel cut from the round bar into disks or by forging the flat The disks were then cut to the form of a milling cutter to provide its plural peripheral and side angles, the hole, the hub, and the recessed circular web.

ripheral protrusions E projecting radially from the web portion 8 on a circle in concentric relatlon to the hub s. The blank 6 is cast substantially to the flnal form desired withall of the rake and clearance angles 10 and El required in the finished cutter. The dotted lines at a and b 'l'hat method of fabricating milling cutters from solid tool steel is not only a waste of critical ma-' terials, such as tungsten, actually required only for the cutting edges, but it was wasteful in the time it consumed for both machine tools and skilled operators.

It is, therefore, the principal object of my invention to provide amilling cutter in which the disk blank or body is cast almost to the finished 4 form desired, with all the angles, from Meehanite,

so'that a minimum amount of machining, less than ten per cent (10%) of that required with the old method, is sufllcient to produce the desired disk body to receive the hard cutting memhers of tool steel, Stellite, or cemented carbides, which are bonded to the'Meehanite casting with shat silver solder.

accordance with another feature of my inindicate the small amount of machining necessary on the protrusions I and hub 5!, this amounting to less than ten per cent of that required where the cutters are machlnedrrom the solid disk, cut from the round bar, or forged, as previously stated. Meehanite is a high tensile perlite cast iron, which is comparatively soft and easy and, economical to machine. It is, therefore, no problem to machine the seats 92 on the 1 front faces of the protrusions or teeth I, also to vention, the cast protrusions to which the cutting members are bonded to? extend beyond the cast body have a minimum ofcritical cutting material applied to the backs thereof, thus reducing to a minimum the use of such critical materials as tungsten, cobaltand chromium required in the cutting parts of the cutter. The invention is illustrated ing drawings, in which-'- time 1' is a side view of the cast disk blank in the accompan bore the center hole 83 and cut the keyway ii in the hub 9. See Fig. 2. Meehanite. 9.150 has distinct vibration'dampin'g properties which make it particularly well suited for use in the body of a milling cutter. The saving in critical material,

such as tungsten, actually needed only for the cutting edges of a mining cutter, is, of course, appreciable with this substitution oi Meehanlte for the body, but the saving in time for both machine tools and skilled operators is also a very important factor. V

l Fig. 3 I have showndn perspective a cutting member is and an L-shaped strip of sheet silver solder 85 for bonding the cutting member to the seat itof one of the teeth l. The solder required need be only .003" thick, so that very little of the material will go a long way in the production of milling cutters in quantities. Suitable brazing fixtures can be used to hold the cutting or body, showing in dotted lines the. ill' I n machining required on the hub and peripheral kfirtions; 1 s

Fig. 2 shows the casting after the w; 1:}. has heen'done;

Fig. 3 is an uploded perspective detail viewillustrating the cutting member and i r strip therefor adjacent a machined cutter pad on which the cutting member is to beapplied; and

Figs. 4 and 5 are a side view edge view of a finished cutter ready for ding, Hg. 5

only a partial view only two cutting members viewed from difierentangles, an intermediate pcrtionoi the cutter h is away. The same reference areapplled to corresponding throughout the reference numeral t dates a onemember E5 to the seat 82 with the bonding material lt in between in the bonding operation The cutting members is may be of tool steel, Stellite, or cemented carbides. Where cementedcarbides are used a much harder and superior cutting edge is obtained as compared to that obtained in the solid tungsten tool steel milling cutter used at the present time. Cemented tungsten carbide works 'efilclently on all steels above approximately .30

carbon and is effective up to 500 Brinell, and over a given run will require about one-fifth the number of grinds that stan high speed tool steel 7 requires while giving two or three times the pro- ;duction of high'speed tool steel in those operations .to which its use is adapted.

Figs. 4 5 show the d cutter ready for g, after a small amolmt of a critical cutting material, such as tungsten, cobalt, or

2 g 2,350,974 chromium, has been applied to the Meehanite body on the shoulders II, with an oxy-acetylene torch or any electrical heat induction apparatus, whereby to permit bonding the hard metal without danger of reducing thetemper of the cutbers I5 have been applied to. spiralteeth having the seats I! in angular relation to the axis of rotation; In all milling cutters embodying my invention, vibration and chatter are reduced instead of amplified due to the vibration damping qualities of the Meehanite body. The cemented carbide cutting members firmly bonded to the Meehanite have enabled high speed milling which was heretofore conceded to be impossible with the oldconventional milling cutters.

It is believed the foregoing description conveys a good understanding of the objects and advantages of my invention. The appended claims have been drawn to cover all legitimate modifications and adaptations.

.I claim: 4 1. A milling cutter comprising a one-piece disk body of a cast metal having high tensile strength to make the same suitable -for use in the cutter'body, said body being formed to provide, with minimum machining, a hub portion and an annular web portion of reduced thickness integral therewith, the outenperipheryof the web DOrtion being formed to provide circumferentially spaced radially projecting portions of increased thicknessconformedperipherallywiththeultimate rake and clearance angles as thoughsaid project- 7 ing portions were intended to be cutter teeth,

said projections each having a seat formed on the front face for metal-cutting members, and separate, relatively small, hard metal-cutting members fastened. to said body, one-on eachof 2. A cutter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said cutting members are fastened to said seats by means of sheet solder inserted between the seats and members and bonded thereto by fusion.

- 3. A cutter-as set forth in claim 1, wherein the trailing shoulder portion of each of said projecting portions has a covering of hard wearresisting metal applied thereto.

4; A cutter as set forth in claim 1, wherein the 10 trailing shoulder portion of each ofssaid projecting portions has a covering of hard wear-resisting metal applied thereto by fusion.

5. A milling cutter. comprising a preformed integral metallic body including on its outer pc- 15 riphery circumferentially 'spaced, radially projecting cutter teeth portions, said projecting portions each being cut away on the front face to provide substantially right angle seats for metalcutting members to complete cutter teeth, the

Q depth of the cut-out portion measured circumjferentially of the body being substantially less.

than half the width of the projecting portions measured circumferentially of the body,- the depth of the cut-out portions measured radially of the body being a fraction of the radial dimension of the frontfaces of said projecting portions, and separate, relatively small, hard metalcutting members of substantially uniform thickness fastened to said body, one on each of said seats filling the cut-out portions and providing, cutting edges on the outermost portions thereof. i 6. A milling cutter comprising a one-piece body of cast metal having a relatively high tensile strength, the said body being so cast as to P vide with minimum machining a member, the outer periphery of which is provided with radially projecting portions of increased thickness intended to be cutter teeth, said projections each having a seat machined on the front face there- 40 of accurately with respect to the axis of rotasaid seats, formedto provide cutting edges on ting edges on the outermost portions thereof.

the outermost portions thereof.

JOHN H. GRAYSON. 

